How to Care for Orchids: A Complete Guide
How to care for orchids is a common question for plant enthusiasts, and with good reason. Orchids are stunning houseplants that add elegance to any indoor space. Among the most popular is the moth orchid (Phalaenopsis), widely available in the UK and known for its long-lasting blooms in a variety of colors. Other types, such as Dendrobium, Paphiopedilum, Oncidium, Vanda, and Cambria hybrid orchids, are also becoming more common and are relatively easy to grow at home. Here’s everything you need to know about how to care for orchids, how to grow orchids indoors, and how to keep orchids alive.
Table of Contents
Where to Grow Orchids
Most orchids thrive in bright, indirect light, making an east- or west-facing windowsill ideal. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves. However, some orchids, like Vanda orchids, prefer full sun.
- Moth orchids prefer a consistent temperature of around 18°C and are best kept indoors year-round.
- Dendrobium, Cymbidium, and Oncidium orchids can be moved outdoors in summer to a bright, shaded spot, as they need a minimum temperature of 10°C at night.
How to Plant Orchids
- Moth orchids benefit from clear pots, as their green roots photosynthesize.
- Dendrobium and Cymbidium orchids can be grown in opaque pots, while Vanda orchids don’t need pots at all and can be grown in vases or suspended from wires.
- Always use specialist orchid compost and avoid over-potting, as too much compost can lead to root rot.
How to Care for Orchids Indoors
Orchids originate from humid, tropical environments, so they thrive in humid conditions. In dry, centrally heated homes, mist the foliage every 2-3 days with tepid water (avoid spraying the flowers).
- Watering: Overwatering is the most common mistake. Check the pot’s weight before watering—only water when it feels light. For Vanda orchids grown in vases, fill the vase with water daily in summer, then empty it after 30 minutes. For moth orchids, wait until the roots turn silvery before watering.
- Fertilizing: Feed orchids with orchid fertilizer from spring to autumn.
- Drainage: Ensure orchids never sit in water. Water by dunking the pot and allowing it to drain, or water from above and let it drain completely.
How to Repot Orchids
Orchids don’t need frequent repotting and often do well when root-bound. However, after 2-3 years, repot them by removing old compost and replanting in fresh orchid compost. Use a slightly larger pot if necessary, but avoid terracotta pots, as orchid roots can stick to them.
How to Encourage Orchids to Bloom Again
- Moth orchids: After the flowers fall, cut the stem just above a visible joint (node) to encourage a new flower stem. If the stem turns straw-colored, remove it at the base.
- Other orchids: Cut spent flower stems to the base, as they won’t bloom again on the same stem.
Common Orchid Pests and Diseases
Watch out for scale insects and mealybugs, which can cause stickiness or black sooty mold on leaves. Remove pests by hand or use a soapy sponge. For severe infestations, spray with an insecticide.
Orchid Varieties to Grow
- Miltonia orchids: Prefer cooler temperatures (12-15°C) and bright, indirect light.
- Cymbidium orchids: Need cool conditions (minimum 10°C) and a temperature drop in summer to flower.
- Odontoglossum orchids: Thrive in low light and cool, humid conditions.
- Dendrobium orchids: Prefer temperatures of 16-18°C and less humidity. Reduce watering in autumn.
- Paphiopedilum orchids: Like moderate temperatures (minimum 13°C) and high humidity.
- Oncidium orchids: Enjoy bright light and moderate temperatures (12-15°C).
Tips for Buying Orchids
- Always read the growing instructions before purchasing.
- Choose orchids suited to your home’s conditions.
- Check for signs of disease or damage before buying.
By following these orchid care tips, you can enjoy their exotic blooms for years to come. Whether you’re learning how to care for phalaenopsis orchids, how to fertilize orchids, or how to make orchids bloom, this guide has you covered!
Discover the secrets to successful orchid care with our comprehensive Grow Guide. Learn essential tips for watering, lighting, repotting, and more to keep your orchids thriving year-round. Explore our expert advice to help your orchid bloom beautifully and stay healthy.
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